Background And History Of Enron Accounting Essay

Enron was established in 1985 through the amalgamation of Houston Natural Gas and Internorth, a gaseous petrol organization situated in Omaha, Nebraska, and quickly turned into the significant vitality and petrochemical exchange merchandise bargainer under the main of its leader, Kenneth Lay. In 1999, Enron moved its activities web based, touting the biggest web based exchanging trade as one of the cardinal market shapers in flammable gas, power, unpleasant oil, petrochemicals and plastics. Enron differentiated into coal, transportation, steel and A ; metals, mush and A ; paper, and even into such exchange merchandise as conditions and acknowledgment determined capacities. At its extremum, Enron was portraying grosss of $ 80 billion and overall gains of $ 1 billion, and was for six consecutive mature ages praised by Fortune as America ‘s most progressive organization. The unexpected acquiescence, by and by, of Enron Vice-Chairman Clifford Baxter in May of 2001 and ensuing acquiescence of CEO Jeffrey Skilling in August of 2001, both of whom resigned for unrevealed individual grounds, should hold filled in as the primary indicant of the issues preparing inside Enron. Mr. Skilling had been chosen CEO just months prior, and Mr. Baxter had become Vice-Chairman in 2000. At long last, in the midst of experts ‘ and financial specialists ‘ requests sing unrevealed organizations and bits of gossip about crying bookkeeping botches, Enron reported on October 16, 2001 it was taking a $ 544 million dollar after charge against total compensations and a lessening in investor value by $ 1.2 billion because of related minutess with LJM-2. As will be talked about in the undermentioned region, LJM-2 was association overseen and mostly possessed by Enron ‘s CFO, Andrew Fastow. The LJM associations furnished Enron with a life partner for in addition to net incomes and buys each piece great as an instrument to fudge risk. Not exactly a month in this manner Enron reported that it would rehash its overall gains from 1997 through 2001 in view of bookkeeping botches partner to minutess with another Fastow organization, LJM Cayman, and Chewco Investments, which was overseen by Michael Kopper. Mr. Kopper was the draw offing chief of Enron ‘s planetary fund unit and detailed directly to the CFO, Mr. Fastow. Chewco Investments was an organization made out of the interest to convey an outside financial specialist ‘s contribution in another Enron association and will be examined finally in the undermentioned region. Such repetitions started a proper test by the SEC into Enron ‘s organizations. Other flawed associations were coming to noticeable radiation, including the Raptors organizations. These repetitions were colossal, and joined with Enron ‘s disclosure that their CFO Mr. Fastow was paid in excess of $ 30 million for the bearing of LJM-1 and LJM-2, speculator confirmation was squashed. Enron ‘s obligation assessments later plunged, and one month in this way, on December 2, 2001, Enron petitioned for financial protection insurance under Chapter 11.Q. 1 ) What were the means which Enron had missed to control during the full dirt?At the clasp of its declaring financial insolvency in December 2001 the complex modern development of Enron was to the full gotten a handle on by not many outsiders, and increasingly complete data with respect to the genuine degrees of its advantages, liabilities and cockeyed sheet places was all the while blooming. An idea of the house ‘s mul tifaceted nature can be gotten from such attributes as its 2,800 seaward units and the 54 pages required to name individuals and organizations owed cash by Enron. This was a far call from the house which during the 1980s represented considerable authority in the stipulation of gaseous petrol grapevines and related administrations. In any case, from these beginnings Enron extended persistently into exchanging exercises 1,800 stocks or agreements and 13 monetary standards. Some portion of the thought process of Enron ‘s conduct was like that of numerous different houses during the 1990s, concluding from the connections between stock money related qualities and administrators ‘ compensation and riches, most importantly through investment opportunities. Nonetheless, in Enron ‘s example the factor of its acknowledgment assessment was other than of import. The house ‘s quick augmentation expected course to huge wholes of financing ; and as its commitment in exchanging exercises developed, so did the significance of its acknowledgment assessment since this decided its subsidizing costs and urgently the ability of its counterparties to stock with it. So as to keep the house ‘s acknowledgment assessment Enron looked for it to be irreplaceable that it depicts a great pay, while evading an over the top buy on Enron ‘s monetary record. To achieve this, the house turned to exceptional goings from transparence which influenced the house ‘s dealingss with financial specialists and banks, its ain leading group of administrators ( and in this manner an of import segment of its inside control ) , and different partners of the company. The house ‘s use of specific reason elements ( SPEs ) was segment and bundle of the examples utilized to make things happen the house ‘s total compensations figures and asset report, as was resort to fence and the utilization of determined capacities in battle with inclusion guidelines or concern rationale ( or both ) . A significant number of the minutess related with this utilization were other than related with self-managing by Enron administrators taking to huge individual ad vancement. In summarizing the foundations for Enron ‘s harvest time are attributed to Enron ‘s inability to recognize great corporate organization. Enron ‘s conspicuous utilization of evaluation to showcase bookkeeping. Enron ‘s complex minutess with specific reason elements. This examination has been confined to Enron ‘s non perception of good corporate organization. Corporate organization is worried about the connections between a worry ‘s heading and its leading body of directors, its investors and loaners, and it ‘s different partners, for example, workers, customers, suppliers, and the network of which it is a segment. The fit accordingly concerns the model through which concern points are set and the organizations of accomplishing them and in any case observing open introduction are resolved. Great corporate organization adheres to rules which despite everything shift essentially among states and which are by and by the subject of arranged undertakings intended to achieve understanding on an adequate model of fundamental measures. Execution of rules of good corporate organization surmises acceptable open introduction on the segment of a few distinct gatherings from both the private and open divisions. The capacity of these gatherings must be supplemented by solid law, which in the example of a house with tasks each piece intricat e as Enron incorporates non only significant controllers of the monetary areas yet next to the controller of the vitality division. Certain aspects that will be managed, in this, are: Enron ‘s arrangement of actuations and faces Leading group of chiefs Bookkeepers/evaluators Banks, Financial experts and SECsEnron ‘s arrangement of promptings and countenancesThe impact of the house ‘s stock money related an incentive on the incitement framework for Enron ‘s workers turned out to be continuously of import during the long monetary thunder of the 1990s. In the occurrence of ranking staff this mirrored a compensation arrangement of which a cardinal part comprised of investment opportunities. For other staff quite a bit of their savings was put resources into Enron stock with the dynamic support of Enron ‘s ain heading. An of import bit of this method comprised of retirement savings programs under which staff ‘s ain parts were bested up by parts from Enron itself. A considerable lot of Enron workers had put noteworthy sums in Enron ‘s ain stock ; this was effectively supported by Enron ‘s bearing itself. In any case, at a similar clasp Enron officials and a couple of chiefs were themselves selling the house ‘s stock on a solid graduated table, net incomes no vulnerability mostly because of ordinary portfolio variegation however adjacent to liable to hold been continuously affected by insider comprehension of the turning trickiness of Enron ‘s existent territory of affairs.Board of managersIn request to achieve great corporate organization an of import work is credit to histrions in the leading group of supervisors and autonomous outer listeners. Key maps of the leading body of administrators, which were curiously significant in the occasion of Enron, incorporate decision and pay of officials, being careful to potential battles of inclusion unfavorably affecting the house, and guaranting the solidarity of the organizatio n ‘s frameworks of bookkeeping and financial inclusion. Requirements for palatable open introduction incorporate dish to exact and ideal data bearing on the satisfaction of these obligations. It ought to be underscored that when taking a gander at the directors of Enron ‘s Board it was obvious that the supervisors did non map freely. Monetary ties among Enron and a heft of its directors appear to hold debilitated their objectiveness in their incident of Enron. Such associations with Enron may hold made it hard for such board individuals to be objective or incredulous of Enron course. A significant number of these Enron Board individuals may hold felt that their remuneration may be imperiled by oppugning such worries in Board gatherings, accordingly, bring forthing frail â€Å" nodders and gofers † as supervisors and along these lines, loaning to the harvest time of Enron. One generally perceived principle of good corporate organization is that the board be free of heading. It is imperative that a board be fit for taking a gander at the heading and outside expert counselors of a house, and Enron ‘s Board was non skilled in such manner. It ought to other than be referenced here that of the pay paid to the board a critical extent was in the signifier of investment opportunities, an example fit for practicing on the board weights to O.K

Dell Mercosur Essay Example For Students

Dell Mercosur Essay Dell Mercousur Given how Dell deciphers its outside cash budget summaries into Dollars, how might a falling Brazilian Real influence Dell Mercosur’s fiscal summary? A country’s falling money can influence an organizations activity from multiple points of view. Somewhat its money decides an organization procedure and can affect dynamic. For example, because of the falling genuine, the Chief Financial Officer of Dell Mercosur needs to put together his methodologies depending with respect to the quality or shortcoming of that specific country’s cash. One reason is particularly because of the way that they own an assembling plant in Brazil. Most company’s future development rates are exceptionally subject to its proceeded with development and accomplishment in its global markets. Moreover; since Dell makes an interpretation of its cash as per the present rate framework. The company’s resources and liabilities are deciphered at the swapping scale for that period and are additionally dependent upon the increases and misfortunes of remote trade vacillations. Dell Imports around 97 percent of its assembling costs. What kind of introduction does that make for it? What are its choices to diminish that presentation? Bringing in 97 percent of its assembling costs opens Dell to fluctuating outside money trade rates which is tragic on the grounds that they will probably lessen the effect of changes on the company’s benefit acquiring and income. Potential arrangements would incorporate supporting their presentation through the execution of choice and forward agreements. Portray and assess Dell’s presentation the board system. As talked about in the perusing, Dell utilizes the utilization of bought alternative and forward agreements. This is utilized as a support so as to secure the organization against exchanges that are whereby named in monetary forms other than the United States Dollar. In particular, Dell utilizes forward agreements to ensure money related resources and cutoff liabilities. The corporate treasury is set up to quantify and screen the progression of money around the world. One part of their procedure includes anticipating introduction, and the subsequent key is to actualize a durable structure and execution. It is profoundly significant that Dell screens every single predictable action going from income abilities to potential market vacillation.

Our countries good Free Essays

After criticism from our fake test we recognized how the entire piece needed power however in different focuses had excessively and turned out to be excessively uproarious with no genuine explanation behind it and at certain focuses felt scripted and UN-regular, this was affecting the crowds understanding and making it hard to comprehend the story line as so much was going on. Since our fake we as a gathering, stripped back and taken a great deal of the superfluous substance out of scene two and four as they were excessively long and came befuddling and have been utilizing Clack’s card method to Intensify the piece at focuses and make the piece more settled In different pieces to show the Intimacy and nurturing bond shaped between the two prisoners In request to feature our subject to show how the Imprisoned structure trust gatherings and fellowships to remain alive’. To decrease the danger of fire in the cabin we are ensuring that there is a sufficient clearing pathway: there will be no stumbling risks in the hall to empower us to move our crowd and entertainers around securely. We will compose a custom paper test on Our nations great or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now There is a mirror fire hazard from our candles yet we will have two containers of water to turn if there should arise an occurrence of issues. As entertainers working under pressure we are at risk for stressing muscles and vocal harmonies. We will utilize physical warm-ups to ensure our muscles are loose and diaphragmatic breathing to ensure we don’t harm our vocal harmonies. During the lift we guarantee that manual taking care of standards are trailed by bowing our knees and bringing down focus of gravity. Instructions to refer to Our nations great, Papers

Descriptive Statistics free essay sample

There are two principle parts of measurements: engaging and inferential. Clear insights is utilized to say something regarding a lot of data that has been gathered as it were. Inferential insights is utilized to make expectations or examinations about a bigger gathering (a populace) utilizing data accumulated about a little piece of that populace. Therefore, inferential measurements includes summing up past the information, something that elucidating insights doesn't do. Different differentiations are now and again made between information types. Discrete information are entire numbers, and are normally a check of articles. (For example, one examination may tally what number of pets various families own; it wouldn’t bode well to have a large portion of a goldfish, would it? ) †¢ Measured information, as opposed to discrete information, are constant, and in this way may take on any genuine worth. (For instance, the measure of time a gathering of youngsters spent sitting in front of the TV would be estimated information, since they could observe any number of hours, despite the fact that their watching propensities will most likely be some various of 30 minutes. ) †¢ Numerical information are numbers. Downright information have names (I. e. words). (For instance, a rundown of the items purchased by various families at a market would be downright information, since it would go something like {milk, eggs, tissue, . . . }. ) Scales of Measurement Statistical data, including numbers and sets of numbers, has explicit characteristics that are important to analysts. These characteristics, including greatness, equivalent interims, and supreme zero, figure out what size of estimation is being utilized and in this way what measurable strategies are est. Size alludes to the capacity to know whether one score is more noteworthy than, equivalent to, or not exactly another score. Equivalent interims implies that the potential scores are each an equivalent good ways from one another. Lastly, total zero alludes to a point where none of the scale exists or where a score of zero can be allocated. At the point when we join these three scale characteristics, we can establish that there are four sizes of estimation. The most reduced level is the ostensible scale, which speaks to just names and along these lines has none of the three characteristics. A rundown of understudies in sequential order request, a rundown of most loved animation characters, or the names on a hierarchical graph would all be named ostensible information. The subsequent level, called ordinal information, has greatness just, and can be taken a gander at as any arrangement of information that can be put in request from most prominent to least however where there is no outright zero and no equivalent interims. Instances of this sort of scale would incorporate Likert Scales and the Thurstone Technique. The third kind of scale is called an interim scale, and has both greatness and equivalent interims, however no supreme zero. Temperature is an exemplary case of an interim scale since we realize that every degree is a similar separation separated and we can without much of a stretch tell on the off chance that one temperature is more prominent than, equivalent to, or not exactly another. Temperature, nonetheless, has no supreme zero on the grounds that there is (hypothetically) no point where temperature doesn't exist. At long last, the fourth and most noteworthy size of estimation is known as a proportion scale. A proportion scale contains every one of the three characteristics and is regularly the scale that analysts lean toward in light of the fact that the information can be all the more effortlessly broke down. Age, stature, weight, and scores on a 100-point test would all be instances of proportion scales. In the event that you are 20 years of age, you not just realize that you are more seasoned than somebody who is 15 years of age (size) however you likewise realize that you are five years more established (equivalent interims). With a proportion scale, we likewise have a point where none of the scale exists; when an individual is brought into the world their age is zero. Arbitrary Sampling The primary measurable examining technique is basic irregular testing. In this strategy, every thing in the populace has a similar likelihood of being chosen as a component of the example as some other thing. For instance, an analyzer could arbitrarily choose 5 contributions to an experiment from the number of inhabitants in all conceivable substantial contributions inside a scope of 1-100 to use during test execution, To do this the analyzer could utilize an arbitrary number generator or essentially put each number from 1-100 on a piece of paper in a cap, blending them up and drawing out 5 numbers. Irregular testing should be possible with or without substitution. On the off chance that it is managed without substitution, a thing isn't come back to the populace after it is chosen and in this way can just happen once in the example. Deliberate Sampling Systematic examining is another measurable testing technique. In this strategy, each nth component from the rundown is chosen as the example, beginning with an example component n haphazardly chose from the principal k components. For instance, if the populace has 1000 components and an example size of 100 is required, at that point k would be 1000/100 = 10. On the off chance that number 7 is haphazardly chosen from the initial ten components on the rundown, the example would proceed down the rundown choosing the seventh component from each gathering of ten components. Care must be taken when utilizing efficient testing to guarantee that the first populace list has not been requested in a manner that brings any non-irregular components into the examining. A case of orderly examining would be if the inspector of the acknowledgment test process chosen the fourteenth acknowledgment experiment out of the initial 20 experiments in an arbitrary rundown of all acknowledgment experiments to retest during the review procedure. The examiner would then continue including twenty and select the 34th experiment, 54th experiment, 74th experiment, etc to retest until the finish of the rundown is reached. Defined Sampling The factual examining strategy called separated testing is utilized when agents from every subgroup inside the populace should be spoken to in the example. The initial phase in defined examining is to partition the populace into subgroups (layers) in view of totally unrelated rules. Arbitrary or deliberate examples are then taken from every subgroup. The testing division for every subgroup might be taken in a similar extent as the subgroup has in the populace. For instance, if the individual directing a consumer loyalty overview chose irregular clients from every client type with respect to the quantity of clients of that type in the populace. For instance, if 40 examples are to be chosen, and 10% of the clients are supervisors, 60% are clients, 25% are administrators and 5% are database chairmen then 4 directors, 24 uses, 10 administrators and 2 heads would be haphazardly chosen. Delineated testing can likewise test an equivalent number of things from every subgroup. For instance, an advancement lead haphazardly chosen three modules out of each programming language used to look at against the coding standard. Group Sampling The fourth measurable examining strategy is called bunch testing, additionally called square inspecting. In bunch examining, the populace that is being tested is isolated into bunches called groups. Rather than these subgroups being homogeneous dependent on a chose rules as in separated examining, a group is as heterogeneous as conceivable to coordinating the populace. An irregular example is then taken from inside at least one chose groups. For instance, if an association has 30 little undertakings right now being worked on, an inspector searching for consistence to the coding standard may utilize bunch testing to arbitrarily choose 4 of those tasks as delegates for the review and afterward haphazardly test code modules for examining from simply those 4 ventures. Group inspecting can reveal to us a ton about that specific bunch, yet except if the bunches are chosen haphazardly and a great deal of groups are examined, speculations can't generally be made about the whole populace. For instance, irregular inspecting from all the source code modules composed during the earlier week, or all the modules in a specific subsystem, or all modules written in a specific language may make inclinations enter the example that would not permit factually substantial speculation. NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING Non-likelihood testing is an examining method where the examples are accumulated in a procedure that doesn't give all the people in the populace equivalent odds of being chosen. In any type of research, genuine irregular inspecting is constantly hard to accomplish. Most analysts are limited by time, cash and workforce and as a result of these confinements, it is practically difficult to arbitrarily test the whole populace and it is frequently important to utilize another inspecting strategy, the non-likelihood examining method. Interestingly with likelihood testing, non-likelihood test isn't a result of a randomized choice procedures. Subjects in a non-likelihood test are generally chosen based on their openness or by the purposive individual judgment of the specialist. The drawback of this is an obscure extent of the whole populace was not tested. This involves the example could possibly speak to the whole populace precisely. In this manner, the aftereffects of the exploration can't be utilized in speculations relating to the whole populace. Sorts OF NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING CONVENIENCE SAMPLING Convenience examining is likely the most well-known of all inspecting procedures. With comfort inspecting, the examples are chosen since they are available to the analyst. Subjects are picked just in light of the fact that they are anything but difficult to select. This method is viewed as most straightforward, least expensive and least tedious. Sequential SAMPLING Consecutive examining is fundamentally the same as accommodation inspecting with the exception of that it looks to incorporate ALL available subjects as a feature of the example. This non-likelihood examining procedure can be considered as the best of all non-likelihood tests since it incorporates all subjects that are accessible that makes the example a superior portrayal of the whole populace. Standard SAMPLING Quota examining is a non-likelihood testing strategy wherein the specialist nsures equivalent or proportionate portrayal of subjects de

A Strong Contemporary Leaders Research Martha Stewart - 825 Words

A Strong Contemporary Leaders Research: Martha Stewart (Essay Sample) Content: Martha Stewart Martha StewartThe personalities of strong business leaders are the virtual icons for their corporate brand, which are capable of shaping and increasing corporate image and placing personal prestige to the brand. At the same time, there is a risk of threating the brand when leaders are involved in the scandals and the consequences of which are critical to be brand (Cheng, 2011). Thus, Martha Stewart, an icon of domestic advice, entertainment and home products, the voice of the brand and a well-known and much admired designer of home supplies, was involved in the insider trading scandal, with the following accusations in stock price manipulation and perjury during the government investigation. As the result, the good name of brand has been tarnished, the status of her as the director has been imperiled and the social life of Martha herself was damaged. Moreover, the scandal where Stewart was involved has raised an issue about the franchise of this busine ss woman, the business strategy as it was and personal misconduct, which interlocked the nature of Stewarts business to be risky and vulnerable (ORourke, 2004). Starting as the CEO for small catering business Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia, Stewart has eventually transformed her name into the homemaking diva with stylish living and as a good taste promoter with various connections in housewares, television shows, radio channels and magazines. However, as stated (Cheng, 2011), no business or the organization can be sure in avoiding crisis events and no matter how large or small the organization is, it has the potential to become the victim of such crisis. So when Stewart, a holder of stock at ImClone, the bio-pharmaceutical company, made a decision to place a sell order on her entire holdings after pre-existing agreement with her broker, it spurred a chain reaction of unprecedented events, which caused Martha Stewart her position in Omnimedia and damaged the overall image of the bu siness woman with the several months jailing. While Stewart claimed that the sales decision was proper and in accordance to the law, the investigations became the concerns of three institutions at once, the U.S. Department of Justice, the Securities and Exchange Commission and the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce. In case of Stewart to be found fully guilty, then she would be sentenced to five years for the possibility of obstruction of justice and ten years for securities fraud. In addition, one of the shareholders of Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia sued her for selling stock before the public investigation of ImClone situation and some of the executives made a class action lawsuit due to Stewart personal conduct (ORourke, 2004). Starting from the day of accusations, Martha Stewart was trying gamely to defend herself on television and through public statements. She also launched numerous interviews, where she tried to prove that the accusations were fa lse, but her public image being one of trustworthiness, fine, and Stewart herself was a fine editor and fine business woman. Despite that, Omnimedia had faced legal problems due to scandal. They were associated with the advertising sales to become flat, retailers were not wishing to purchase products and the company was suffering from such unanticipated costs as additional lawyers and public relations specialists. Finally, Stewart agreed that the investigation cost her money but also some new business opportunities, which were lost. However, during the indictment process, Martha Stewart was protected by the criminal lawyer Morvillo, who followed the strategy of attacking the accusers and suggested that Stewart appeared to be the target for the prosecutors on account of her fame. Moreover, Stewart did not leave her company in spite of mass considerations, but she remained on the board of directors and became a force of companys chief creative officer and later as the creative adviser for the sake of companys and shareholders interests. The campaign in restoring of her public image has started before the official verdict. When the verdict was known and Martha Stewart was sentenced, the new advantage of the situation appeared. Here Stewart thanked to more than hundred and seventy thousand people for support and defense and took an opportunity to immediately promote the Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia Company as the way to support its subscribing and buying possibilities, thus encouraging advertisers to come back. In addition, at the same day of being indicted, Stewart took another opportunity in restoring her image. It was made through laun...

Treatment of Impaired Asset Essay

Treatment of Impaired Asset Essay FASB Accounting Standards Codification 1. For the purposes of performing the recoverability test, the following assets and liabilities should be included in the asset group. The cruise ship is part of the asset group, and the liabilities would be any liabilities that are transferred with the asset. The asset group would be the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets or liabilities, which means basically the ship and its fixtures. Land-based assets such as the company office would not be included; only those assets that are specifically related to the ship as a revenue-generating unit. The different operating scenarios influence the recoverability test. If the recoverability test is conducted while the asset is held and in use, then the estimates of future cash flows used in that test shall be based on the use of the asset for its remaining useful life, assuming that the disposal transaction will not occur. The operating scenarios are basically the different options, and they are weighted by likelihood. So the weighted average of the cash flows from those scenarios will form the basis for the recoverability test. The potential foreclosure of the debt should factor into the cash flows to the extent that there will be savings on interest payments, or penalties associated with this action. Otherwise, cash flows should be incremental to the decision at hand. The impairment loss as of December 31, 2010 would be: Cash Flow Scenarios Flows Outcome Probability 1 2 3 4 5 NPV WNPV A 0.1 1 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 $3.33 $0.33 B 0.2 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.6 1.9 $4.73 $0.95 C 0.7 1 0 0 0 0 $0.93 $0.65 $1.93 d 0.07 The boat has the present value of future cash flows of $1.93 million. This is then compared to the carrying amount, which is $4 million. So the value of the asset is less than what is owing. The impairment would be $4 $1.93 = $2.07 million. A change in the scenarios would affect the net present value calculation, or the value of the future cash flows. The new figure would be as follows: Cash Flow Scenarios Flows Outcome Probability 1 2 3 4 5 NPV WNPV A 0.5 1 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 $3.33 $1.66 B 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.6 1.9 $4.73 $1.89 C 0.1 1 0 0 0 0 $0.93 $0.09 $3.65 d 0.07 In this scenario, the impairment would be $350,000. The impairment is lower because the present value of the expected future cash flows is higher, given that more weight is placed on the options that have a higher NPV. View or Download this full document in (.docx) format. --> Open Full Document Open full document and source list OR Order A Custom Written Essay Order a one-of-a-kind custom essay on this topic

Economic Equality - 994 Words

Economic Inequality The growing economic inequality in the United States is an ongoing issue and over the years has changed. According to past studies done by the US Census Bureau changes in earnings distributions have had a huge effect on this inequality. Just take a look at some of the people in the fields where you work or maybe family members work and the income inequality is very evident for many different reasons. With help of studies done by professionals and my own experiences we will pinpoint some of the ongoing issues of the reasons behind this inequality. â€Å"Structural changes in the economy which translates into differences in wage premiums paid to workers with certain skills.† Barry Bluestone paragraph 5. This research shows†¦show more content†¦When you have someone who is income wise a lot better off than someone who makes half of that then of course they will have more access too better resources and different way of managing what they have. I also think that even if you do not have many resources available to you because of the income inequality, you as a person have the opportunity to make the best out of what you do have and take small steps to rise up the ladder. There are many ways to go with such a vast subject; I found it very difficult to choose the major ones. Even with all the articles and keeping it within the studies, one has their own opinion of what caused income inequality, and me personally I think there are many to blame for the inequality standards that all American people have, and whether you are wealthy or not we are all equal. Works Cited Graham, Phillip and Steve McMillan. â€Å"The Real Causes of Income Inequality.† Wall Street Journal Online. 6 Apr. 2012. Web 28 Sept. 2012. lt;http://online.wsj.com/articlegt;. Gutman, Huck. â€Å"Economic Inequality.† Common Dreams. July 2002. Web. 28 Sept. 2012. lt;http://www.commondreams.orggt;. Jones, Arthur F., Jr. And Daniel Weinberg â€Å"The Changing Shape of the Nation’s Income Distribution: Consumers Income.† US Census Bureau. 60-204. June 2004. Web. 28 Sept. 2012. lt;http://www.census.gov/hes/income/datagt;. G. William Donhoff.Show MoreRelatedFeminism Is The Belief Of Political, Economic And Social Equality Of The Sexes833 Words   |  4 Pages Feminism by: Laura Capellà ¡n Feminism is the belief in political, economic and social equality of the sexes and is one of the leading conflicts in today s society. In the past years, women had faced many battles to fight and give these rights to women who have been deprived of their rights and privileges that were never given to them by men. I believe that every person is entitled to have equal opportunities in this world. Feminism has proven to slowly accomplishing this. 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The quote was later sampled by popular music artist Beyonce in her song, â€Å"Flawless†, from her self titled album. This quote and a performance of the song later caused an unforeseen backlash by some feminist. Pandemonium ensued as a result of Beyonce’s actions. Feminist debated about who can and can not call themselves a feministRead MoreGender, Political, And Economic Equality Of The Sexes1913 Words   |  8 Pages In the words of the famous Nigerian writer, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, â€Å"a feminist is a person who believes in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes.† I believe that though some might argue that ever since women got the right to vote men and women have been equal, it simply is not so and it is evident in so many different aspects, from a parent s desire to abort a fetus when they learn the gender is female to the unequal pay in the U.S. working class between the genders. InRead MoreThe Theory Of The Political, Economic, And Social Equality1356 Words   |  6 PagesFemanism is defined as the theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes (feminism def. 1). Both the 1980s and 1990s were filled with optimism and inspiration for women in the fight for equality. The Second wave feminism was a product of the civil rig ht movement, as the women involved in it became disappointed with being seen as second class operators within the equality movement. These women are often refered to as the women s liberation movement. Some of the major issues

Double-Consciousness Is Like A Person Staring At A Television

Double-consciousness is like a person staring at a television screen, that person judging the actor and predicting each and every move. The actor need to unearth twoness because he or she have a true self they identify with, and a second form of consciousness that they display, because it is what others who view them expect. Authors like Nella Larsen, Sylvia Plath, and Chang-rae Lee experience their twoness through race and/or gender, and relates them to themselves. They use Du Bois’s double-consciousness in their works to exemplify their own personal struggle. The characters in their works tend to be the best kinds of actors because they are able to act by switching personas to correlate to different people and cultures. For instance,†¦show more content†¦Clare states, â€Å"I’ve often wondered why more colored girls †¦ never ‘passed’ over. It’s such a frightfully easy thing to do. If one’s the type, all that’s needed is a little nerve.† (25). Much like the earlier statement from Irene, blacks have an easier time to pass in white society because that kind of society is always pressured on blacks. White society is like a template on how to live a decent life and many people of color tend to follow it. With a As for Irene, despite her passing color she chooses not to. And in a moment of weakness Irene â€Å"was caught between two allegiances, different, yet the same.† (98) the realization of her skin finally struck her, that Irene had twoness. She easily identifies with both, but rather she is tired of the burden of being black. She can receive criticism from both parties and it dwells on her. In any case, she struggles between two worlds of black and white, much like Henry Park in Native Speaker, who struggles between the Korean and American world. Henry Park struggles with his identity as a Korean man living in America, and he is forced to act upon both roles as a Korean-American. De spite Du Bois referring to African-American when he said double-consciousness, it also can relate to people of other races and ethnicities. Park is a spy, which makes him a brilliant actor in the sense of switching between differentShow MoreRelatedHow Texting Affects Literacy in Teenagers4801 Words   |  20 Pagesexpectations,’ like expecting a fast response from a text, which can increase over-dependence and can lead to decreased satisfaction in a relationship,† (Hawkes, 2012). People have come to expect to receive information at a blazing pace, and when they are denied their expected speed of response, they can become frustrated with the other person. In addition to this, the use of text messaging can lead to a person having to maintain a number of relationships to the point where that person has no closeRead MoreSocial Networking Sites-Boon/Bane15517 Words   |  63 Pagescaste identity in these spaces. Gangavane says that most members of castebased groups are highly educated: Very few are only graduates — they are mostly engineers, MBAs, post-graduates and doctors. Another finding is that most are from metropolises like Mumbai, Pune, Hyderabad and Bangalore. Social networking sites have the power to reproduce stifled opinions on taboo topics. People discuss things here that they cant face-to-face, he says. But social media expert Gaurav Mishra, who is the CEORead MoreEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words   |  382 Pagesthe joke is on me, so to speak. I wasnt, what some would say, a confident person. I would just follow others and just do my job. The outbreak changed all that. It changed everyone, especially me. Some people got stronger due to the outbreak. Some became weaker. Being leader of the survivors? This idea would be absurd to me before the outbreak. I never wanted to be a leader. I just wanted to get by life like any other person. I didnt believe that I would make a good leader. But I was wrong. WhatRead MoreThe Ballad of the Sad Cafe46714 Words   |  187 Pagesworkers live, a few peach trees, a church with two colored windows, and a miserable main street only a hundred yards long. On Saturdays the tenants from the near-by farms come in for a day of talk and trade. Otherwise the town is lonesome, sad, and like a place that is far off and estranged from all other places in the world. The nearest train stop is Society City, and the Greyhound and White Bus Lines use the Forks Falls Road which is three miles away. The winters here are short and raw, the summersRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesand Disconfirmation 246 Principles of Supportive Communication 247 Supportive Communication Is Based on Congruence, Not In congruence 247 Supportive Communication Is Descriptive, Not Evaluative 248 Supportive Communication Is Problem-oriented, Not Person-oriented 250 Supportive Communication Validates Rather than Invalidates Individuals 251 Supportive Communication Is Specific (Useful), Not Global (Nonuseful) 253 Supportive Communication Is Conjunctive, Not Disjunctive 254 Supportive Communication

Anti-Semitism and Racism in the Merchant of Venice

Anti-Semitism and racism in The Merchant Of Venice. Anti-Semitism and the desecration of the Jewish population have been in existence for nearly five thousand years. In William Shakespeares â€Å"The Merchant of Venice†, we find that one of the characters is the subject and expression of anti-Semitic attitude that is persistent in Elizabethan society. William Shakespeares â€Å"The Merchant of Venice† contains many examples that insult Jewish heritage because they were the minority in London in Shakespearean time. Although many parts of the play could be interpreted as offensive in modern times, Elizabethan audiences found them comical. The majority of Londons population at the time was anti-Semitic because there were very few Jews living†¦show more content†¦Fed with The same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject To the same diseases, healed by the same means, Warmed and cooled by the same winter and Summer, as a Christian?†. Shakespeare has created a character that the audiences feelings will change for by the minute. When the play was written the audience would have immediately disliked Shylock on the basis of his religion and occupation, however nowadays when religious prejudice is not nearly as strong we still find him an unpleasant character. One of the main things which makes him seem unpleasant is his greed and love of money. His first words are actually, Three thousand ducats; well. Later on in the first scene, when Antonio enters to talk to Shylock about lending Bassanio money, Shylock says to himself; I hate him for he is a Christian; But more for that in low simplicity He lends out money gratis, and brings down The rate of usance here with us in Venice This shows that Shylock puts his money before his religion. He says he hates Antonio because he is a Christian (and so an immediate enemy of the devout Jew) but more than that he hates him because he lends out money for no fee and so takes business away from Shylock. Antonio has detested and despised this Jew, even humiliating him publicly because of his money lending and being Jewish. Shylock believes that his profiteering is not a sin, which is contrary to the Christian belief, held by Antonio,Show MoreRelatedPrejudice, Racism and Anti-Semitism in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice2810 Words   |  12 PagesPrejudice, Racism and Anti-Semitism in William Shakespeare’s play, The Merchant of Venice Throughout William Shakespeare’s play, The Merchant of Venice, there is a strong theme of prejudice. Portia has to deal with prejudice against her sex, the Prince of Morocco has to deal with prejudice against his race but the character that is most discriminated against is Shylock. He is hated for being a Jew and a money-lender, but Shakespeare has not made Shylock a character easy to sympathise withRead MoreThe Merchant Of Venice By William Shakespeare2046 Words   |  9 PagesEssay Abbesath.K Throughout the education system, there seems to be an unofficial consensus that pieces of literature that are deemed â€Å"controversial† should not be taught in school. The Merchant of Venice falls into this category due to the Anti-Semitism which exists within the play making it â€Å"controversial† therefore, banned. On the contrary, this play should not be considered controversial and it should not be banned due to the learning experiences and knowledge that can be gained by readingRead MoreRacial and Cultural Prejudice Essay766 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many themes woven into the play The Merchant of Venice, Prejudice being the most evident. This prejudice is mainly racial (against race) or cultural (against lifestyle, i.e. religion, culture†¦) and is one of the leading causes of conflict in the play. Prejudice towards Jews, prejudice towards Christians, and prejudice towards people of different colour and prejudice of others with different nationalities , are all present in the play. (transition) Here come another of the tribe: a thirdRead MoreRacism And Prejudice By William Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pagesand left out because of their religion and what they believe in, however there is racism and prejudice present in the world. William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice is one of his most controversial plays. Written in the 16th century England, the play poses many questions concerning racial, religious and human differences due to anti-semitism being very common at the time. The story is set in Venice where a merchant named Antonio lived. His poor friend Bassanio wants to charm and marry a lovelyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Merchant Of Venice 1918 Words   |  8 PagesPerformance Analysis of T he Merchant of Venice Jordan Thomas Mullineaux-Davis William Shakespeare has regularly throughout time been referred to and could be viewed as anti-Semitic because of the cultural implications within many of his plays. A particularly strong example of this could be The Merchant of Venice. This essay will explore arguments of post-colonialism within The Merchant of Venice, discussing the pertinent issues of anti-semitism, racial isolation and prejudice. It will also commentRead MoreDifferent Forms of Prejudice Present in The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare1159 Words   |  5 PagesDifferent Forms of Prejudice Present in The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare Different types of people, affected by their own views can define prejudice in many different ways. The Collins Concise Dictionary definition of prejudice is an opinion formed beforehand, especially an unfavourable one based on inadequate facts. Another definition is intolerance of or dislike for people of a specific race, religion, etc. From this, it is obvious that prejudice, althoughRead MoreIs Shylock The Villain Or Victim In The Merchant Of Venice By William Shakespeare1411 Words   |  6 PagesCharacter Analysis Shylock Is Shylock the villain or the victim in the Merchant of Venice? In the play the ‘Merchant of Venice’ by William Shakespeare the antagonist Shylock is both the victim and the villain. Shylock is a Jewish moneylender and is initially portrayed as anger filled and bloodthirsty but as the play continues we begin to see him as more human and his emotions become more evident. As the antagonist, Shylock is a fearful adversary to Antonio, the protagonist. But as good begins toRead MoreThe Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare Essay1501 Words   |  7 PagesThe Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare Shakespeare’s portrayal of Shylock as rapacious and cruel is in the traditional style of an Elizabethan villain. A modern audience could argue that he has also humanised Shylock, and therefore gained some sympathy for his actions. From your reading of the â€Å"Merchant of Venice† examine these diverse reactions to the complex characterisation of Shylock. Shakespeare’s portrayal of Shylock is unconditionally evil, and a Read MoreEssay on Shylock in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice1877 Words   |  8 PagesShylock in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice The Merchant of Venice, a tragic- comedy written in the late 16th century by the greatest known English author, William Shakespeare. This is a tale set in the heart of Venice, amongst the Venetian Christians and Jews. The history of the Jews is marked by terrible hardship and atrocities; Jewish people kept up their customs and religion formed tight knit communities and became known for their intelligent hard workRead MoreMerchant of Venice - Modern Humanitarianism1274 Words   |  6 PagescenterbModern Humanitarianism has run riot on Shylock. Discuss./b/center br brThe Merchant of Venice is concerned with two issues that were of importance in the Elizabethan Age: Jewry and Usury. It is generally assumed that the Elizabethan attitude to Jewry was hostile and that the execution of Roderigo Lopez in 1594 was characteristic of the Christian rejection of all ‘Jews, Turks, Infidels and Heretics, who were considered to be misbelievers. But this could also be a false assumption

The Dysfunction of American Politics How the Debasement...

Despite dysfunction proliferating the workings of its institutions, the American political system continues to function as originally designed: to limit government control beyond the basic protection of liberty. At face value, the dysfunction of the American political system is guilelessly attributed to party polarization. Yet, political faction, according to James Madison, is not necessarily a bad thing. Instead, he argues in The Federalist that it is an essential and effective feature of a properly structured government. Bessette and Pitney, Jr. support the idea that â€Å"strong partisanship†¦can be healthy for deliberation and democracy† (296). In Federalist 51, Madison suggests that because of human nature’s shortcomings coupled with the†¦show more content†¦At the turn of the twentieth century, the American political system moved away from the model of a representative democracy to a direct democracy. In 1913, the sixteenth amendment to the constitut ion provided Congress the power to tax incomes, which laid the foundation for the progressive tax system. In the same year, the seventeenth constitutional amendment allowed for the direct election of senators by the constituency, rather than by Congressional appointment (Bessette and Pitney, Jr. 630). Martin Diamond describes the ancient science of politics as â€Å"[disastrously]†¦clinging to illusions regarding how men ought to be† and not â€Å"[taking] man as he actually is† and (38). In this way, Diamond highlights the age-old Federalists versus Anti-Federalist debate. The Federalists, like Madison, were realists: they took into account the shortcomings of human nature, whereas the Anti-Federalists were idealists and sought after an idyllic goal. The political paradigm of the Rubik’s cube illuminates the complex, overlapping relationship of four separate political dimensions: individuals, interests, ideas, and institutions. The four dimensions of the analysis define the relationship among the facets of politics as an operation of individuals within institutions that mediate different ideas and interests. In an analysis of the Rubik’s cube example different from the original, the individual is the core of thought, the source of interests, and the composition

Foundational Psychology and Psychiatry

Question: Discuss about the Foundational Psychology and Psychiatry. Answer: Introduction The learning process in children differs on the basis of their age and development at that age. Child development is the process of emotional, physical, intellectual and social development as they grow up. The early years of a childs life are most critical to shape their intellectual development and thought pattern (Campbell et al., 2014). Learning at this stage has a direct impact on the minds of children and it is important for primary teachers to plan teaching strategies based on developmental needs of children at different stage of life (Charlesworth, 2013). With this context, the main purpose of this report is to analyze the case scenario of Jane, a primary school teacher in Singapore who is facing problem in managing children between 10-12 years in class and she wants to modify their behavior in class so that they engage in their class lessons and homework. The report analyzes the scenario by means of operant conditioning and proposes possible intervention to bring behavioral c hange in children. The thesis statement for the report is research on children between 10-12 years in Singapore and determining the suitability of the Operant Conditioning as an approach to behavioral change in this classroom. Evaluation of the scenario The report is on the case scenario of Jane, a primary school teacher teaching Primary 5 students. Since she had started teaching, she has observed that the children do not participate in class discussion and often stare blankly at her when she asks them questions. In this situation she is facing challenges in managing the class. The children are inattentive in class and they do not complete their assignment and home work very often. Jane is concerned that this form of lack of participation may defeat the purpose of teaching and therefore she wants to change and modify their behavior. To modify the behavior of this children between 10-12 years of age, it is necessary to analyze the behavior of this children and their typical class room behavior in Singapore. Considering the situation of primary education in Singapore, it can be said that primary schooling in Singapore begins at the age of six. The curriculum for primary education is classified into two stages- The foundation stage- for children in Primary 1 to Primary 4 The orientation stage- for children in primary 5 to 6 In the foundation stage, teachers in Singapore focus on basic learning skill of children such as English and Mathematics. In the orientation stage, the curriculum is decided basis of academic and language ability of children (Leeds.ac.uk 2016).To facilitate better learning and development in children, it is necessary for teachers to understand the class behavior typical of children between 10-12 years. The research on class room behavior of primary school children in Singapore reveals that teachers often face problem in class as children engage in disruptive conversation and its affects their learning in class. Many teachers also revealed that they found disrespecting teachers as the most unacceptable behavior of children. Children in primary class might engage in such behavior in class because they might be finding the lesson boring or their might mind be distracted by some ideas which they share with their classmates in the middle of class (Sun Shek, 2012). However, arguing back w ith teachers refers to the family and cultural values of this children. Teachers also reported observation of behaviors like non-attentiveness, failure in completing assignment and passive engagement in class in this age group. Some children engage in physical or verbal aggression in class, while some display non-verbal communication and eating/drinking in class (Peer Fraser, 2015). Another research tried to find the reason for takes-avoidant behavior and poor academic performance in primary school children. It gave the implication that such behaviorare influenced by developmental dynamics of school children in early years of life (Metspelto et al., 2015). Jane need to identify teaching strategy based on the development and learning needs of a child at this stage. The management of classroom behavior can be done by the use of operant conditioning theory which is based on the idea that a behavior can be modified by means of reward or punishment and it can be controlled by discriminatory stimuli (Henton Iversen, 2012).. In the case scenario of Jane, the lessons in class is the discriminatory stimuli and the behavior of children that needs to be changes is the problem of inattentive behavior and class room engagement in children between 10-12 years. To modify childrens behavior according to positive and negative enforcement, it is necessary to understand the social and cognitive development of children at this stage. Children between 10-12 years of age are at the stage of early adolescence when they are just beginning to cope with hormonal changes and getting influenced by the values and belief of their parents and friends (Edelstein, Keller, Schrder, 2014). According to Piagets theory of child development, the development of children between 10-12 years comes under concrete operational stage. According to Piaget, children in this stage start solving problem on the basis of concrete events. They can engage in inductive reasoning but they struggle in deductive reasoning (Modgil, Modgil, Brown, 2013).Therefore, in case of scenario of Jane, her children in class might be attentive because they may not be able to figure out the logic behind any lesson. Hence, to modify their behavior, Jane can apply operant conditioning technique to encourage positive learning behavior in children. By this approach, Jane can make children attentive in class by positive enforcement like rewards or giving lesson according to the mind set up of children at that stage. Jane can use the following techniques of operant conditioning in the classroom to engage children in class lessons and make them attentive: Use of positive enforcement to modify behavior of children- Children may bored by monotony is the class and their behavior of inattentiveness can be modified by Jane by bringing fun in class by ways of strategies like giving candies to children on right response to answer and appreciation or clap for those students who solves class lesson faster than others. This form of tactics will influence all children and they will automatically pay attention to class to get the rewards and benefits from their teachers. Hence, by means of positive enforcement, the children will repeat good behavior of they are rewarded (Ayers, Gray, 2013). Praising children in class can also act as a means of modifying students behavior and it will encourage other children to continuously improve their learning too. Praise can be given in class by means of clapping or cheering for the children in whole class. While asking any question to children, Jane can encourage children by means of expression like great answer or great effort and then explaining the right answer. By this technique, one child will be influenced by other classmates and they will also try their best to impress their teacher in next class or lesson (Evertson Weinstein, 2013). Use of this positive approach by Jane will helps her to nurture her students in class and facilitate learning development in them. In case of giving rewards, it is also necessary to keep in mind that any rewards should not be repeated. Children in early adolescence get bored from same attractions very soon and teachers should always try to bring some new mode of rewards to sustain the good behavior in children. The type of reward can be changes from time to time such as giving extra play time, stickers, special game tickets, certificate and position of responsibility to children. The frequency and level of awards can be modified by on the basis of severity of behavior in children (Collins Cook, 2016). Use of negative enforcement to eliminate bad behaviors in classroom- Jane can modify the habit of keeping quiet and staring in classroom by issuing sanctions or punishment for such behavior. In that case, children are less likely to repeat such behavior. A consistency between awards and punishment is necessary to sustain change and enable effective learning in children (Vancraeyveldt et al., 2015). However, in case of negative behavior, Jane must ensure that she does not spoil the relationship with children by heating or raising voice on children. The humanistic approach to teaching primary school children is to keep them motivate in class by showing empathy to children and delivering classroom lessons in enthusiastic and fun manner (Shokouhi, Limberg, Armstrong, 2014). In case of children who are still and stare at teacher, Jane can positively bring their attention back to lessons by supportive strategies like standing next to the child while giving instruction or telling the child directly to do any task in front of them. Such children may panic by this approach, however use of friendly attitude and empathetic expression can help the child overcome his or her shyness or anxiety in responding to lessons (Rapport, Kofler, Alderson, 2016). Evaluation of operant conditioning theory From the analysis of teaching strategy recommended for modifying classroom behavior of children between 10-12 years, it can be said that the principle of operant conditioning theory will help Jane to bring behavioral change in the primary 5 students. The use of positive enforcers like rewards, tokens and appreciation will enable effective learning in class by means of participation and engagement of children. There are four context of operant conditioning theory such as the positive and negative reinforcement, positive and negative punishment. Positive enforcement is used to bring positive behavior and all other are used to prevent negative behavior in individual. With this approach, children will easily get attracted to lessons and take part in class discussions too. On comparison of all learning and development theories, it can be said that Skinners operant conditioning is based on behaviorism approach while the Piaget and Vygotskys cognitive development theory is based on constructivism approach. The advantage of operant conditioning theory is that use of positive enforcement acts as source to motivate children to adopt good behavior. This theory will be useful in controlling certain behavior in children and promoting their interest in learning (Gazzaniga Heatherton, 2015).On the contrary, Piaget theory believes that development in children does not occur by means of positive and negative reinforcement, but also it is achieved through observation (Scholnick, 2013).Vygotsky explains cognitive development and learning in children is achieved through interaction with knowledgeable and intellectual member in the society (Lantolf et al., 2015). Hence, this concept of operational conditioning theory is different from other theories and it has the ma ximum possibility of modifying change in behavior of children. Kohlbergs theory was an extension of Piagets moral development theory which revealed that moral development in children can occur either negatively or positively through different stages in their life span. This is similar to operant conditioning theory as this theory also deals with behavior on the basis of good or behavior. However, one disadvantage of operant conditioning theory is that this theory is not always good because a child cannot be engaged in positive behavior continuously by means of reward. The reward may extinct after some time and childs good behavior should not always be dependent on rewards. Despite this weakness, operant conditioning technique is beneficial for the case scenario of Jane, because is Jane is willing to modify behavior of those children who have low level of thinking and learning. Use of operant conditioning approach will help such children to move from level of low learning to high thinking pattern and learning. Conclusion The detailed report based on analysis of case scenario of Jane, a primary school teacher summarizes the typical classroom behavior observed in children between 10-12 years and how operant conditioning approach can be a useful approach to modify the behavior in classroom. The explanation of techniques that can be used by Jane to encourage participation of children in class revealed that this can be achieved by modifying the teaching style and providing positive enforcers to students (Kaplan Patrick, 2016). The suitability of this theory in relation to the case scenario was accurately discussed by comparison with other development theory. Reference Ayers, H., Gray, F. (2013).Classroom management: a practical approach for primary and secondary teachers. Routledge. Campbell, F., Conti, G., Heckman, J. J., Moon, S. H., Pinto, R., Pungello, E., Pan, Y. (2014). Early childhood investments substantially boost adult health.Science,343(6178), 1478-1485. Charlesworth, R. (2013).Understanding child development. Cengage Learning. Collins, L. W., Cook, L. (2016). Never Say Never: The Appropriate and Inappropriate Use of Praise and Feedback for Students with Learning and Behavioral Disabilities. InInstructional Practices with and without Empirical Validity(pp. 153-173). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Edelstein, W., Keller, M., Schrder, E. (2014). Child development and social structure: A longitudinal study of individual differences.Paul B. Baltes/David L. Featherman/Richard M. Lerner: Life-span development and behavior. Bd,10, 151-185. Evertson, C. M., Weinstein, C. S. (Eds.). (2013).Handbook of classroom management: Research, practice, and contemporary issues. Routledge. Gazzaniga, M., Heatherton, T. (2015).Psychological Science: Fifth International Student Edition. WW Norton Company. Henton, W. W., Iversen, I. H. (2012).Classical conditioning and operant conditioning: A response pattern analysis. Springer Science Business Media. Kaplan, A., Patrick, H. (2016). Learning Environments and Motivation.Handbook of Motivation at School, 251. Lantolf, J. P., Thorne, S. L., Poehner, M. E. (2015). Sociocultural theory and second language development.Theories in second language acquisition: An introduction, 207-226. Leeds.ac.uk. (2016).A Survey of Classroom Practices in Singapore - Preliminary Findings. [online] Available at: https://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/000000327.htm [Accessed 22 Dec. 2016]. Metspelto, R. L., Pakarinen, E., Kiuru, N., Poikkeus, A. M., Lerkkanen, M. K., Nurmi, J. E. (2015). Developmental dynamics between childrens externalizing problems, task-avoidant behavior, and academic performance in early school years: A 4-year follow-up.Journal of Educational Psychology,107(1), 246. Modgil, S., Modgil, C., Brown, G. (Eds.). (2013).Jean Piaget. Routledge. Peer, J., Fraser, B. J. (2015). Sex, grade-level and stream differences in learning environment and attitudes to science in Singapore primary schools.Learning Environments Research,18(1), 143-161. Rapport, M., Kofler, M., Alderson, R. (2016). Quantifying ADHD classroom inattentiveness, its moderators, and variability.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines,49(1). Scholnick, E. K. (Ed.). (2013).New trends in conceptual representation: Challenges to Piaget's theory. Psychology Press. Shokouhi, A. M., Limberg, D., Armstrong, S. A. (2014). Counseling preadolescents: Utilizing developmental cues to guide therapeutic approaches.International Journal of Play Therapy,23(4), 217. Sun, R. C., Shek, D. T. (2012). Student classroom misbehavior: an exploratory study based on teachers' perceptions.The Scientific World Journal,2012. Vancraeyveldt, C., Verschueren, K., Wouters, S., Van Craeyevelt, S., Van den Noortgate, W., Colpin, H. (2015). Improving teacher-child relationship quality and teacher-rated behavioral adjustment amongst externalizing preschoolers: Effects of a two-component intervention.Journal of abnormal child psychology,43(2), 243-257.

Odyssey Themes Essay Example For Students

Odyssey Themes Essay When Homer wove the characters of The Odyssey into a story, he undoubtedly leftroom for interpretation of their actions. The characters, most of whom aredynamic, colorful, and three dimensional, are used by Homer to give a fun buttruthful commentary on the Ancient Greeks and their way of life. The actions ofone figure, the man-eating monster named Skylla, are particularly interestingwhen viewed in the context of the rest of the story. Though her contribution tothe plot is minor, Skyllas actions are important in that they arecharacteristic of several themes found throughout the poem. These themes includethe role of the female in Odysseuss struggle, the hunger (figuratively andliterally) of the characters in The Odyssey, and the commentary Homer makes onthe individuals who live lawlessly. In The Odyssey, Homer introduces many femalecharacters; some play significant roles, some are in the background. Regardlessof their importance, distinctions can be made as to their roles in the story: that is, some put forth effort to help Odysseus and the other menArete,Athena, Nausikaa, and Eurykleia are examplesand others (whom he encounters onhis voyages home) lead to the delay or destruction of them. Skylla plays therole of the latter, as do Kalypso, Kirke, and the Seirenes. Although none ofthese women actually harm Odysseus, each poses a deadly threat to him on hisvoyage. Odysseuss experience with Skylla is by far the most deadly anddisturbing. Whereas the other women succeed only in enticing and delaying thecrew, the encounter with Skylla has lethal consequences. Even though he decidesto take the sea route that passes near her lair, it seeming to be the leastdangerous of the three options, he wants nothing to do with the monster. Yet,instead of passing unscathed, six of his men are taken (XII, 294-7) as the boatsails through the channel. Homer uses an epic simile to help the readervisualize the macabre scene. He compares Skylla to a fisherman who willhook a fish and rip it from the surface / to dangle wriggling through theair (XII, 303-4). The crewmen are the fish, of course, and seem helplessas Skylla whisks them from the ship. Describing the attack, Odysseus says,and deathly pity ran me through / at that sightfar the worst I eversuffered, / questing the passes of the strange sea (308-10). It seems thathe realizes that the losses were his responsibility and that he too could easilyhave been a victim of Skyllas wrath. Earlier in the story (Book V) we see thatCalypso poses a similar, though not as deadly, threat to Odysseuss homecoming. Instead of literally grabbing for him as Skylla does, Kalypso tries to retainOdysseus by enticing him with the prospect of immortality and a life with abeautiful goddess. We are also told she has cast spells (198) on himto keep him docile and under her power. Kalypso says to Zeus, I fed him,loved him, sang that he should not die / nor grow old, ever, in all the days tocome (142-4). Despite her efforts and hospitality, Odysseus still longsfor home as he sits each day by the rocky shore with eyes wet scanning thebare horizon of the sea (165-6). He is quite happy when the day comes thathe is set free by Zeuss will. Without Zeuss intervention, Odysseus would havebeen kept indefinitely. Book X, which contains the introduction of Kirke,provides another example of near fatal attraction. This time it is not amonstrous woman or an overly hospitable nymph that brings them near theirdownfall, but an immortal who entrances her visitors so that they forget theirmotives. Whether or not Kirke inten ded to eat Odysseuss men, as Skylla does,after she turned them to swine we do not know, though it is certainly apossibility. What is known is their flawthey are men who fall prey to thedesires of women. This fact is admitted twice by Odysseus in lines 440 and 503and is the reason they end up feasting long / on roasts and wine, until ayear grew fat (504-5). Only after Odysseus is reminded of his homelanddoes he go to Kirke and plead for their release, to which she agrees. A point tomake is that in both cases, with Kalypso and Kirke, Odysseus plays the role ofthe mortal lover who has little resistance; and in all three cases, the femalescause only pain or delay. As already mentioned, six of Odysseuss men were takenby Skylla as their ship passed through the channel. The incident seemsparticularly gruesome as Odysseus recalls it for King Alkinoos: Then Skylla madeher strike, whisking six of my best men from the ship. I happened to glance aftat ship and oarsmen and caught sight of their arms and legs, dangling highoverhead. .She ate them as they shrieked there, in her den, in the diregrapple, reaching still for me- (XII, 294-307) In another description, Kirkesays that she is a horrible monster who hunts for dolphins, dogfish, orwhat bigger game and that Amphitrite feeds in thousands (XII,103-4). What a murderous appetite! Without a doubt Skylla would have whisked sixmore men away had she the opportunity. Though the action with Skylla isseemingly short, it is significant in that it reflects a quality found in malecharacters throughout the poema gluttonous appetite. Whether it is formaterial items or food, this is an attribute that many of the men in The Odysseypossess. Three examples of men who have great hunger for wealth and materialitems are King Alkinoos, King Menelaos, and Odysseus. All three have impressivepalaces filled with beautiful decor. Odysseus describes the palace at Phaiakiain Book VII, lines 85-140 as being breathtaking. The palace has highrooms whic h are airy and luminous, and the posts andlintel / were silver upon silver; golden handles curved on thedoors. Telemachus describes Menelaos home in a similar fashion in BookIV. He says how luminous it is / with bronze, gold, amber, silver, andivory! / This is the way the court of Zeus must be (74-7). Odysseussdesire for material wealth is reflected in his enormous estate, which is largeenough to support a large number (100+) of suitors helping themselves for years. wordsworth EssayBibliographyHomer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fitzgerald. 1961. Ed. Maynard Mack. NewYork: W.W. Norton Company, 1995. 219-503

The Process of Information System in Apple

Introduction Information Systems is a crucial component of many organizations. It is notable that information and communication within the corporate company remains an important aspect of its success. In addition, lack of information communication may present challenges to the decision makers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Process of Information System in Apple specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Apple is a technology-based organization with a global presence. Its activities include product development, production, assembling, selling, and supply chain management. However, Apple’s research and development has enabled it to retain the market leadership in innovation. Company Background Three people founded Apple as an incorporated company in April 1976. They included â€Å"Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne† (Linzmayer 5). The company started with little financial investment that hindered its ability to compete effectively with other firms that were already large market players. The company managed to set up a new headquarter in California. The company’s original Apple II product had become the source of success since 1970. The product remained common with clients and enabled the company to develop its original customer base (Linzmayer 8). The company’s expansion has been unprecedented since then. It started selling computers in the international marketplace. The role that Steve Jobs played in research and development was critical for the generation of highly innovative and exciting products. The company grappled with operational and management challenges that were associated with communication within and outside environment (Daft, Jonathan and Hugh 114). Analysts have argued that the entry of new investors presented challenges with clarity in communication. The company focused on products and significantly ignored organizational functioning. The compa ny compartmentalization initiatives were guided by product orientation rather than organizational functioning needs. The company’s core activities are supported through diverse activities such as infrastructure, information systems, management of materials, and human resources (see figure 1) (Daft, Jonathan and Hugh 114). Figure 1: Apple Organizational Structure and Core ActivitiesAdvertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company is highly dynamic in terms of altering the organizational structure to fit with activities. However, the latest organizational structure entails different positions as depicted in the diagram. The corporate structure favors the existence of departmental competencies as opposed to organizational functioning (Daft, Jonathan and Hugh 114). The leadership structure at Apple provides low-level managers with the task of ensuring innovations and directi on in every department. The company also facilitates market leadership in other geographical locations through the creation of mid-level management positions. This helps the firm in enhancing leadership within different geographical locations in order to promote a localized market competitive advantage (Daft, Jonathan and Hugh 114). However, the corporate structure presents challenges to strategic communication. The structure creates a double reporting channel. This takes place through ensuring that organizational functioning matters are reported to corporate directors while operational issues are reported to regional directors (Daft, Jonathan and Hugh 114). Information Systems Management at Apple The corporate structure of Apple that comprise of the global presence and departmental level leadership presents a unique situation. The structure necessitates a type of information systems that can facilitate the distribution of appropriate communication through the right channels and in a timely manner. Furthermore, this is critical to promoting consistent and informed decision making at diverse levels. The right information systems can enhance proper communication. The company has a philosophy of being the leader in marketplace on matters related to innovativeness (Wade, Scott and Yogesh 399). The company also applies the same philosophy in its communication and information transfer. Apple manages its internal communication in a manner that enhances its superiority.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Process of Information System in Apple specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company has implemented virtual business designs that integrate communication and information management (Hamilton 58). The company has used virtualization as a factor in gaining an edge over competitors. The company has used intranet system that enables workers to gain all information they need at their workstations. Fur thermore, the system allows Apple to interact with external stakeholders such as suppliers (Monczka, 15). The company has created unrestricted information exchange system that virtually links suppliers to the product development team and the retail units. Furthermore, information exchange takes place between the retail unit and the customer service center. It is notable that customer service center are always equipped with information about suppliers and company product range (Monczka, 15). The customer center provides services to clients based on the virtually available information. This strategy has enabled Apple to maintain a value chain information exchange system that links different components on an end-to-end basis. The virtually available information in the company enables the reduction of costs involved in transferring information between the people who need it (Hamilton 58). Furthermore, it saves the time of the company and its staff for everything to do with information e xchange takes place virtually. The implementation of a computing utility system also helps Apple minimize costs because it limits the volume of assets that are used in information exchange (Gitman and Carl 506). The company has ensured a lean and efficient information management strategy. Recommendation The company should constantly work on improving its information security management. The expansion of the company means that the information it manages also escalates. The company’s use of software based information management presents potential challenges associated with hacking. Hacking activities are highly dynamic (Stair and George 30). Hackers can hack into the virtual information management system if it’s not well secured. Apple should focus on creating a robust and insecurity proof systems to enable it secure its information management system.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Daft, Richard L, Jonathan Murphy, and Hugh Willmott. Organization Theory and Design. Andover: South-Western Cengage Learning, 2010. Print. Gitman, Lawrence J, and Carl D. McDaniel. The Future of Business: The Essentials. Mason, OH: Thomson South-Western, 2008. Print. Hamilton, Cheryl. Communicating for Results: A Guide for Business and the Professions. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2008. Print. Linzmayer, Owen W. Apple Confidential 2.0: The Definitive History of the World’s Most Colorful Company. San Francisco, Calif: No Starch Press, 2004. Print. Monczka, Robert M. Purchasing and Supply Chain Management. Mason, OH: South-Western, 2009. Print. Stair, Ralph M, and George W. Reynolds. Principles of Information Systems. Australia: Course Technology Cengage Learning, 2012. Print Wade, Michael R, Scott L. Schneberger, and Yogesh K. Dwivedi. Information Systems Theory: Explaining and Predicting Our Digital Society, Vol. 1. New York, NY: Springer Science+Business Media , LLC, 2012. Print. This essay on The Process of Information System in Apple was written and submitted by user Angelica Pennington to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Three Tips For Writing an Opinion Essay

Three Tips For Writing an Opinion EssayA third grade opinion essay can be an essential part of your education. It's a great way to expand your knowledge about the world and the many different things that are going on in it. Students often do this when they are taking a writing or English class. The following three tips will help you write an opinion essay that is much more effective.The first thing that you should do is come up with good questions for yourself. Using questions as the basis for your essay will make sure that your essay is well researched and well thought out. To find good questions, it's best to take some time and read some essays from other students who have written about a topic similar to yours.The second thing that you should do is write down the opinions of other people. You can do this by reading through several different essays from different students who have written about a particular topic. It is important to be able to figure out whether a particular essay will be highly informative or shallow. After all, it is hard to learn anything by just reading the opinions of others.Your third step is to make sure that you include your own opinions and views in your essay. Some students use this strategy for an essay all by themselves, while others combine it with other strategies. Either way, having your own opinions will help it to be interesting and unique. Additionally, if you agree with an opinion and you write it, you won't just copy a phrase; you'll add your own thoughts and feelings about the same issue.In order to write an interesting essay, you need to pay attention to details. Whether it's a first or third grade opinion essay, it is important to make sure that everything is 100% correct. This includes grammar and spelling. Just because your opinion is rich and powerful, doesn't mean that you should leave mistakes in your essay.One way to make a good essay even better is to be more specific in what you're saying. You want to be able to state the precise issues that are important to you, rather than just make general statements about something that interests you. At the same time, you don't want to exaggerate too much either; there are definite boundaries that you should not cross.A third tip for writing an opinion essay is to do some research. As long as you know where to look, you shouldn't have any problems when it comes to information. Find out what your opinions are on the issues and then check them against the facts. Taking time to study and compare can help you understand the reasons behind your opinions better.Writing a third grade opinion essay is easy if you follow the three tips that we discussed above. With just a little practice, you'll soon be writing essays that are better than those written by your peers. All that's left is for you to go out and start writing!

Free sample - Recent research in Mycology. translation missing

Recent research in Mycology. Recent research in MycologyMycology is a branch in Botany that entails the study life and behaviour of fungi.   Mycology also includes the study of fungi-related diseases.   Mycology also puts into account the genetic and biochemical properties of fungi, taxonomy and their economic importance to human beings for instance in medicine (for instance penicillin) and food. A lot of researches related to mycology especially in medical mycology have led to discovery of new medicines that are currently treating diseases that initially had proved resistant to drugs. This paper tries to look into one of the recent researches that involved application of fungi in controlling mosquitoes resistant to insecticides. Based on the fact that malaria is a one of the causes of deaths in Africa and other regions that lie on the tropical regions, various researches have been carried out with the aim of coming up with more effective drugs to fight the malaria parasite. Recent research has shown that the chemical methods can be combined with biological methods to fight malaria parasites.   This is because the mosquitoes responsible for causing malaria are increasingly becoming resistant to chemical intervention. Last year researchers from Wageningen University and research centre after carrying out several researches showed that fungal spores can be effective in killing mosquitoes and can make mosquitoes to be more vulnerable to pesticides.   This research was carried out by Marit Farenhorst with other colleagues from the Entomology research centre in Cotonou, Benin and it involved the use of a wide arrange of fungi-insecticide combinations to test effect of timing and sequence of exposure (Wageninge n University and Research Centre 2010).   The research intended to establish the efficacy of combining fungi spores with insecticides in killing malaria causing mosquitoes in West Africa. From this research titled â€Å"Synergy in Efficacy of Fungal Entomopathogens and Permethrin against West African Insecticide-Resistant Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes†, it was found out that the fungi spores from Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae were very effective in killing both wild mosquitoes and laboratory bred ones.   On the efficacy of combining these spores with insecticides, it was found out from this research that the fungal infection on mosquitoes made them more vulnerable to permethrin and also exposure of mosquitoes to permethrin made them more vulnerable to infection by the spores.   In other words the two components produced a reinforced effect that proved effective to mosquitoes that had developed resistance to commonly used insecticides such as Permethrin an d DDT. The effect of combining fungal spores with permethrin proved to be more effective against insecticide resistant far much than expected, something that proved that both the fungi spores and permethrin reinforced each other’s efficacy (Wageningen University and Research Centre 2010).   From this research it was argued that the combination of spores with insecticides has the potential of creating a long term effect as it will be very difficult for mosquitoes to build resistant against agents that are totally distinct. From this research, it was suggested that fungi spores alone can be used a substitute of insecticides in beefing up the fight against malaria in Africa (Wageningen University and Research Centre 2010). There are still many research prospects in this field for instance, more research need to be done on evaluation of methods where mosquitoes will be exposed to both fungi and insecticides in duration of one night. This can be done by for instance employing mosquito nets that are impregnated with spore and also use of fungal sprays in the house. References Wageningen University and Research Centre. "Synergy in Efficacy of Fungal Entomopathogens and Permethrin against West African Insecticide-Resistant Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes

Plz chose one Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Plz chose one - Annotated Bibliography Example On the other hand, within the book, the author describes how agriculture and herding had dropped into desertion, trading had stopped, while associations and gatherings to look for solutions were all dissolved. The author is a graduate and an experience individual with a number of studies in various aspects of gastronomy. The book is thus, essential for this study as it has exhaustive information with room for further research. The book is also a legalized and is accessible online as well as in all public libraries. In this article, the author Levi Joseph has gone deep into the Chinese culture to understand there values and life aspects. He, however, found that every part in China naturally developed a unique cooking style, which mirrored its climate, topography, flora, and fauna, the people’s mood and their associations with others. He established that the Filhos de Macau community love food mainly their own cuisine as well as those from different Chinese province. Cantonese and Portuguese are two communities whose food and culture resembles those of the Chinese, where they have even used some common names to refer to different food products. The article also dealt mainly on Macau food, which the community uses them as cultural referent and confirmation of their presences. The article is conclusive in culture, food, and people’s preferences; hence, it is an informative article used by anyone interested in gastronomy. The author is well versed with this areas and he is still carry ing out other researches in the area. This article is an influence to the present discussion on enlarged understanding of hospitality as well as its determination as a robust academic field. According to the author Scarpato, several scholars have currently claimed that both the present study agenda alongside the educational curriculum must be focused on fresh theoretical outline, not limited to the economic statement of hospitality. The article

Female and Male Political Elites in the U.S Essay

Female and Male Political Elites in the U.S - Essay Example Although great achievements have been made with regards women's rights, equality and representation in the past decades, the number of legislators and women in the cabinet still comprise of a few female elites. Only sixteen percent of women hold seats in the Congress and five females serve in President Bush's cabinet (Wolbrecht 1-10). In recent years, two women served as Secretary of State and another one will be serving with the President-elect once he assumes office. Another great stride for women is when Nancy Pelosi was elected Speaker of the House just recently. However, during the last election, the number of women seeking office for state legislatures faced a decline as compared to the previous elections and membership of women in national groups that could enhance their political influence also dropped in number.1 This is interesting to note as research have shown that the lower level of nominations and elections in the past contributed to the dearth of women in politics. How ever, this does not mean that women are disadvantaged in experience or sources of fund (Gaddie and Bullock, 761). On the contrary, women who sought office fared equally well with males in terms of financial ability. Gaddie and Bullock also asserts that the decline in the number of seats in crucial and elite positions in politics can be attributed to the dismal percentage of nominees among republicans (761). What is striking is that women who held more experience have a high probability of getting elected whereas voters pick men who are less experienced than women with less experience (Gaddie and Bullock 97). Nevertheless, women are still hesitant to run for office (Dolan in Wolbrecht 1-10). This only illustrates, that for women to achieve equal representation in the elite political circles, more women should run for office and gain further experience. In addition, there are factors that hinder women from achieving equal power and representation in contemporary political life. Although politics held a significance place for women before their enfranchisement, the realization of women's suffrage came after nearly a century of struggle. Yet this lengthy struggle only brought forth gender equality and equal citizenship but not equal representation and power in politics. (Wolbrecht, 6). Moreover, although women serve in different areas of politics, especially in legislature where their chances of increasing influence is considerable, this service is not matched by an increase in authority and power as they are thwarted by party affiliations, committees and caucuses (Reingold 33). Even Hillary Clinton, the most elite of the female politicians and a former first lady, is considered a mere 'junior senator' whose tenure in office is relatively short in the standard of a male elite politician. This is worsened by the perceived disparity of political focus that exists between male and female politicians. The notion that women enter politics on gender basis and considerations is asserted in the work of Kirkpatrick (242). Scholars observe that politics are different when women are involved (Wolbrecht, 5) and contend that activism plays a major role for decision and policy-making of a female politician. Naples, for instance, purports that the path that most female politician tread is one that center on progressive and